POR QUÉ DEBERÍA DUDARSE QUE EL COVID-19 SEA UN SUCESO NATURAL
Forensic Analysis of Novel SARS2r-CoV Identified in Game Animal Datasets in China Shows Evolutionary Relationship to Pangolin GX CoV Clade and Apparent Genetic Experimentation
1
Independent Bioinformatics Researcher, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
2
Biology Department, University of Puerto Rico-Rio Piedras, San Juan, PR 00925, USA
3
Independent Genetics Researcher, Sydney, NSW 2120, Australia
4
Youthereum Genetics Inc., Toronto, ON L4J 8G9, Canada
5
Atossa Therapeutics, Inc., Seattle, WA 98104, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Appl. Microbiol. 2022, 2(4), 882-904; https://doi.org/10.3390/applmicrobiol2040068
Received: 10 October 2022
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Revised: 31 October 2022
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Accepted: 1 November 2022
/
Published: 7 November 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microbiome in Ecosystem 2.0)
Abstract
Pangolins are the only animals other than bats
proposed to have been infected with SARS-CoV-2 related coronaviruses
(SARS2r-CoVs) prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. Here, we examine the novel
SARS2r-CoV we previously identified in game animal metatranscriptomic
datasets sequenced by the Nanjing Agricultural University in 2022, and
find that sections of the partial genome phylogenetically group with
Guangxi pangolin CoVs (GX PCoVs), while the full RdRp sequence groups
with bat-SL-CoVZC45. While the novel SARS2r-CoV is found in 6 pangolin
datasets, it is also found in 10 additional NGS datasets from 5 separate
mammalian species and is likely related to contamination by a
laboratory researched virus. Absence of bat mitochondrial sequences from
the datasets, the fragmentary nature of the virus sequence and the
presence of a partial sequence of a cloning vector attached to a
SARS2r-CoV read suggests that it has been cloned. We find that NGS
datasets containing the novel SARS2r-CoV are contaminated with
significant Homo sapiens genetic
material, and numerous viruses not associated with the host animals
sampled. We further identify the dominant human haplogroup of the
contaminating H. sapiens genetic
material to be F1c1a1, which is of East Asian provenance. The
association of this novel SARS2r-CoV with both bat CoV and the GX PCoV
clades is an important step towards identifying the origin of the GX
PCoVs.
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